CAFI Newsletter #123
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Fri, 14 Feb 2003 18:13:46 -0500
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CAFI Newsletter Newsletter #123 Friday, February 14, 2003=20
1.. DEMOCRACY & RELIGION IN AMERICA=20
2.. A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY=20
3.. BRACING FOR THE APOCALYPSE=20
4.. PLAY IT AGAIN, ZBIG=20
5.. QUOTES AND QUICK NOTES=20
6.. HIGHLIGHT ARTICLES=20
Please help us by making a donation...
and if you wish select a Free "Thank You" Gift.
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1. DEMOCRACY & RELIGION IN AMERICA
By Michael Novak - The New Republic - October 3, 2002=20
Tocqueville=92s surprising linkage.
Recently the newspapers have burst with stories: Judges stripping =
the Ten Commandments from court-room walls and forbidding students in =
schools from pledging allegiance to our flag, and the republic for which =
it stands, "one nation, indivisible, under God."=20
But what happens when religion is pulled out from the foundations =
of the republic? Alexis de Tocqueville reflected more deeply on the =
inherent weaknesses of democracy, stripped of religion, than anybody at =
the ACLU today.=20
Tocqueville began with a shocker: That the first political =
institution of American democracy is religion. His thesis went something =
like this: The premises of secular materialism do not sustain democracy, =
but undermine it, while the premises of Judaism and Christianity include =
and by inductive experience lead to democracy, uplift it, carry it over =
its inherent weaknesses, and sustain it.=20
By its own inherent tendencies, democracy tends to lower tastes =
and passions, to devolve into materialistic preoccupations, and to =
undercut its own principles by a morally indifferent relativism. =
Further, democracy left to itself tends to surrender liberty to the =
passion for security and equality, and thus to end in a new soft =
despotism, tied down with a thousand silken threads by a benign =
authority.=20
Before the revolution of morals brought on by Judaism and =
Christianity, pagan philosophy held that most men are by nature slaves, =
and that "the strong do what they can, and the weak do what they must."=20
It was Christianity (drawing on Judaism) that established three =
necessary premises for modern democracy: the inherent dignity of each =
person, rooted in the freedom that makes each person an Imago Dei; the =
principle of the universal equality of all humans in the sight of God, =
whatever their natural inequalities; and the centrality of human liberty =
to the purposes and principles for which God created the cosmos.=20
In short, Christianity made the liberty of every individual before =
God the bright red thread of history, and its interpretive key. =
Underlying the chances of democracy, then, is its faith in the =
immortality of the human soul, which is the foundation of the concept of =
human rights and universal dignity. Lose this faith, and humans become =
harder and harder to distinguish from the other animals, and human =
rights become ever more difficult to define, defend, and uphold.=20
[On these three principles =97 dignity, equality, and liberty =97 =
John Locke equivocates. He sometimes seems to be arguing that his =
principles are antithetical to Christianity, and sometimes that they are =
consistent with a high and faithful reading of Christianity. His =
followers tend to be divided as to which side of this equivocation they =
support.]=20
In addition to these three founding premises, Tocqueville counts =
at least five other advantages that Judaism and Christianity bring to =
democracy.=20
First, Judaism and Christianity correct and strengthen morals and =
manners. While the laws of a free society allow a person to do almost =
anything, there are many things which religion prevents him from =
imagining or doing.=20
Second, fixed ideas about God and human nature are indispensable =
in the conduct of daily life, but daily life prevents most men from =
having time to work out these fixed ideas, and Christianity and Judaism =
present the findings of reason, tested in generations of experience, in =
forms that are clear, precise, intelligible to the crowd, and very =
durable. Moral clarity is a great gain in times of crisis.=20
Third, whereas democracy induces a taste for physical pleasures =
and tends to lower tastes, and thus weakens most people in their =
commitment to the high and difficult principles on which democratic life =
depends, religion of the Jewish and Christian type constantly point to =
that danger and demand that humans draw back, and attend to the =
fundamental things. Belief in immortality prods men to aspire upwards, =
and to aim for further moral progress along the line of their own =
dignity and self-government.=20
Fourth, faith adds to a morality of mere reason, whether of duty =
or utilitarian advantage, an acute sense of acting in the presence of a =
personal and undeceivable Judge, Who sees and knows even acts performed =
in secret. Thus faith adds to reason motives for doing things perfectly =
even when no one is looking; it gives reasons for painting the bottom of =
a chair, and in general for doing things as perfectly as possible. In =
this way, faith gives morals a personal dimension. A sin is not merely a =
failure to do one's duty, but in addition to that an injury to a person, =
who has extended the hand of friendship.=20
Fifth, in a democracy such as the United States, Tocqueville =
observes, religion does not direct the writing of laws or the formation =
of public opinion in detail, it does direct mores and shape the life of =
the home. It does this especially through women's influence upon family =
life and the stable morals and good order of the home. Politically =
incorrect as his views may appear in a feminist and relativist age, =
Tocqueville lays great stress on the tumultuous passions that disrupt =
home life in Europe, and thus render populations unfit for =
self-government in democracies and more prone to authoritarian forms, in =
comparison with the high honor paid the marriage bond and the greater =
severity of domestic mores observable in America. This quiet regulation =
of home life is another contribution of Jewish and Christian beliefs to =
the sustainability of American democracy.=20
For these eight reasons, then =97 these three fundamental =
premises: personal dignity, universal equality in the sight of God, and =
the centrality of human liberty to the story of civilization; and the =
five additional advantages just listed =97 it is clear that the first =
political institution of democracy, its most important institution, is =
religion. That is, religion of the Jewish and Christian type, as =
described. For not all world religions establish the premises of =
personal dignity, universal equality, and the centrality of individual =
liberty. Nor do all add to reason the precise advantages classically =
delivered by Judaism and Christianity. Those that do, or come closest, =
also bring to democracy certain contributions to its own stability and =
progress.=20
In an especially beautiful passage Tocqueville summarizes his view =
as follows:=20
I have already said enough to put Anglo-American civilization in =
its true light. It is the product of two perfectly distinct elements =
which elsewhere have often been at war with one another but which in =
America it was somehow possible to incorporate into each other, forming =
a marvelous combination. I mean the spirit of religion and the spirit of =
freedom. . . . Far from harming each other, these two apparently opposed =
tendencies work in harmony and seem to lend mutual support.=20
Religion regards civil liberty as a noble exercise of men's =
faculties, the world of politics being a sphere intended by the Creator =
for the free play of intelligence. Religion, being free and powerful =
within its own sphere and content with the position reserved for it, =
realized that its sway is all the better established because it relies =
only on its own powers and rules men's hearts without external support.=20
Freedom sees religion as the companion of its struggles and =
triumphs, the cradle of its infancy, and the divine source of its =
rights. Religion is considered as the guardian of mores, and mores are =
regarded as the guarantee of the laws and pledge for the maintenance of =
freedom itself.=20
Michael Novak delivered these remarks at the 25th Summer =
University of Aix-en-Provence in France, to a seminar early in =
September. Novak has twice been the recipient of the Cezanne Medal =
presented by the City of Aix-en-Provence.
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2. A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY
By Jan Willem van der Hoeven - February 13, 2003
Jerusalem Newswire - Editorial www.jnewswire.com=20
Here, the Belgian Supreme Court has ruled that a sitting prime =
minister of Israel - of the only truly democratic country in the Middle =
East - should, as soon as he ends his term in office, stand trial for =
war crimes committed by Lebanese Christian Phalangists in the heat of =
their Battle of Revenge against the usurpers of their country.
Yet the real chieftain of terrorism, the butcher of Beirut, the =
murderer of many of his own people, the rapist of nations - Jordan, =
Lebanon, Kuwait - and even the destroyer of the hopes of his own =
Palestinian people, is not to be tried by Israeli, Lebanese, or any =
other Supreme Court. Instead, he has been feted all over the world as =
the darling of most of the media, and has been the welcome guest of many =
governments, among them Belgian's!=20
In addition, this man from whom most international terrorists have =
learned their trade has received the Nobel Prize for Peace in Norway. He =
is not tried, in Lebanon or in Israel, by a Supreme Court of justice for =
all of his murderous acts, but is again to be allowed his freedom, as he =
was from Lebanon, when foolish Israelis will expel him from Ramallah. =
Foolish Israelis who, now that it has been unjustifiably ruled that =
Sharon can be brought to trial for something he never did, are losing =
the golden opportunity to show the world through a public Eichmann-like =
trial in Israel who the real villain is in this part of the world: =
Yasser Arafat.=20
Such a public trial of Arafat in Israel in the presence of =
countless Lebanese civilians and all the Israeli victims who have =
suffered at his hands would lead the world, including the Belgians, to =
bury their faces in shame!=20
But will Israel ever hear the cry of these innocents?=20
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3. BRACING FOR THE APOCALYPSE
by Charles Krauthammer - Jewish World Review - February 13, 2003=20
The domestic terror alert jumps to 9/11 levels. Heathrow Airport =
is ringed by tanks. Duct tape and plastic sheeting disappear from =
Washington store shelves. Osama resurfaces. North Korea reopens its =
plutonium processing plant and threatens pre-emptive attack. The Second =
Gulf War is about to begin. This is not the Apocalypse. But it is =
excellent preparation for it.=20
You don't get to a place like this overnight. It takes at least, =
oh, a decade. We are now paying the wages of the 1990s, our holiday from =
history. During that decade, every major challenge to America was =
deferred. The chief aim of the Clinton administration was to make sure =
that nothing terrible happened on its watch. Accordingly, every can was =
kicked down the road:=20
* Iraq: Saddam continued defying the world and building his =
arsenal, even as the United States acquiesced to the progressive =
weakening of U.N. sanctions and then to the expulsion of all weapons =
inspectors.
* North Korea: When it threatened to go nuclear in 1993, Clinton =
managed to put off the reckoning with an agreement to freeze Pyongyang's =
program. The agreement--surprise!--was a fraud. All the time, the North =
Koreans were clandestinely enriching uranium. They are now in full =
nuclear breakout.
* Terrorism: The first World Trade Center attack occurred in =
1993, followed by the blowing up of two embassies in Africa and the =
attack on the USS Cole. Treating terrorism as a problem of law =
enforcement, Clinton dispatched the FBI--and the odd cruise missile to =
ostentatiously kick up some desert sand. Osama was offered up by Sudan =
in 1996. We turned him away for lack of legal justification.=20
That is how one acts on holiday: Mortal enemies are dealt with not =
as combatants, but as defendants. Clinton flattered himself as looking =
beyond such mundane problems to a grander transnational vision (global =
warming, migration and the like), while dispatching American military =
might to quell ``teacup wars'' in places like Bosnia. On June 19, 2000, =
the Clinton administration solved the rogue-state problem by abolishing =
the term and replacing it with ``states of concern.'' Unconcerned, the =
rogues prospered, arming and girding themselves for big wars.=20
Which are now upon us. On Sept. 11, the cozy illusions and stupid =
pretensions died. We now recognize the central problem of the 21st =
century: the conjunction of terrorism, rogue states and weapons of mass =
destruction.=20
True, weapons of mass destruction are not new. What is new is that =
the knowledge required to make them is no longer esoteric. Anyone with a =
reasonable education in modern physics, chemistry or biology can brew =
them. Doomsday has been democratized.=20
There is no avoiding the danger any longer. Last year, President =
Bush's axis-of-evil speech was met with eye-rolling disdain by the =
sophisticates. One year later, the warning has been vindicated in all =
its parts. Even the United Nations says Iraq must be disarmed. The =
International Atomic Energy Agency has just (politely) declared North =
Korea a nuclear outlaw. Iran has announced plans to mine uranium and =
reprocess spent nuclear fuel; we have recently discovered two secret =
Iranian nuclear complexes.=20
We are in a race against time. Once such hostile states establish =
arsenals, we become self-deterred and they become invulnerable. North =
Korea may already have crossed that threshold.=20
There is a real question whether we can win the race. Year One of =
the new era, 2002, passed rather peaceably. Year Two will not: 2003 =
could be as cataclysmic as 1914 or 1939.
Carl Sagan invented a famous formula for calculating the =
probability of intelligent life in the universe. Estimate the number of =
planets in the universe and calculate the tiny fraction that might =
support life and that have had enough evolution to produce intelligence. =
He prudently added one other factor, however: the odds of extinction. =
The existence of intelligent life depends not just on creation, but on =
continuity. What is the probability that a civilization will not destroy =
itself once its very intelligence grants it the means of =
self-destruction?=20
This planet has been around for 4 billion years, intelligent life =
for perhaps 200,000, weapons of mass destruction for less than 100. A =
hundred--in the eye of the universe, less than a blink. And yet we =
already find ourselves on the brink. What are the odds that our species =
will manage to contain this awful knowledge without =
self-destruction--not for a billion years or a million or even a =
thousand, but just through the lifetime of our children?=20
Those are the stakes today. Before our eyes, in a flash, politics =
has gone cosmic. The question before us is very large and very simple: =
Can--and will--the civilized part of humanity disarm the barbarians who =
would use the ultimate knowledge for the ultimate destruction? Within =
months, we will have a good idea whether the answer is yes or no.=20
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4. PLAY IT AGAIN, ZBIG
By David Frum - The New Republic - February 13, 2003=20
In Washington, few things are quite so powerful as an idea whose =
time has passed.
On this morning=92s Wall Street Journal editorial page, former =
National Security Advisers Brent Scowcroft and Zbigniew Brzezinski =
jointly publish a call to =96 guess what? =96 renew the so-called =
Palestinian-Israel peace process by =93articulating=94 a vision of a =
final settlement between the Jewish state and its would-be destroyers.
They propose:
1. The Palestinians would get a state on all the land occupied by =
Israel in the June 1967 war.
2. The Palestinians would get shared sovereignty over Jerusalem. =
Brzezinski and Scowcroft express hope that the city would remain =
physically undivided =93insofar as possible.=94
3. Palestinian refugees would receive international assistance, =
which the authors call a matter of =93justice.=94 (Jewish refugees from =
Arab lands, long since resettled in Israel at Israeli expense, would of =
course receive nothing.)
4. Palestinians would get some international guarantees for their =
security and their claim over non-Jewish holy sites.
5. Palestinians would get an immediate cessation of all Israeli =
settlement activity in the 1967 lands.
And what would Israel get in return? Only this: a promise by the =
Palestinians to make a=93100% effort=94 to halt terrorism. Note however =
that the Israeli concessions must proceed regardless of whether the =
Palestinians honor their promise to halt terror. No, I=92m not making =
this up. Listen: =93[T] he U.S. and its partners ... must insist on an =
unconditional cessation of Israeli settlement expansion (including =
so-called natural growth) that is independent of actions required of =
Palestinians.=94
And Brzezinski and Scowcroft make it very plain that they =
themselves do not seriously expect the promise to be honored. =93As the =
president declared, the Palestinian people deserve leadership and =
institutions not tainted by terrorism and corruption. It is a goal the =
U.S. should continue to encourage vigorously, yet without conditioning =
the peace process on the replacement of a particular individual.=94 =
(Italics added.) In other words, Arafat can stay =96 with all that =
implies for future Palestinian deceit and violence.
There are three obvious questions about the Brzezinski-Scowcroft =
plan for unilateral Israeli concessions.=20
Question 1: Why should the Israelis accept such a proposal?=20
This is a deal that offers them nothing - it doesn=92t even =
pretend to offer them anything. The former National Security Advisers do =
not explicitly answer this question, but their repeated use of the word =
=93insist=94 hints at their unspoken meaning: Israel would accept =
because it would be compelled to accept.=20
Question 2: Why would the Palestinians accept such a proposal?
This is a trickier question than it seems. Israel=92s Arab =
neighbors have been offered something for nothing deals repeatedly over =
the past half century. (In 1954, for example, the U.S. and Britain =
offered Egypt much of the southern half of pre-1967 Israel in exchange =
for a peace agreement.) These offers have been repeatedly refused, =
because from the Arab and Palestinian point of view, =93something for =
nothing=94 is not good enough =96 they want everything for nothing. The =
Scowcroft-Brzezinski proposal essentially recapitulates the pair of =
deals the Palestinians were offered by Bill Clinton in 2000. Some =
Palestinians now repent of that rejection. But there=92s no apparent =
reason to believe that the internal political forces that led to the =
rejection have altered over the past three years =96 and, tellingly, =
Brzezinski and Scowcroft do not indicate any non-apparent reason either. =
In fact, they do not even address the question.=20
And what=92s even more baffling is that the one external event =
that might conceivably soften Palestinian rejectionism =96 the =
destruction of the Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq =96 is something that =
Scowcroft and Brzezinski both oppose. The two of them remind me of the =
economist in that joke about the three academics marooned on a desert =
island with boxes of canned food: Their answer to the most difficult =
problem they face seems to be =96 =93assume we have a can opener.=94
Question 3: Why should the U.S. bother?
Over the years from 1993 to 2001, the Clinton administration =
invested enormous effort and prestige in the attempt to broker the =
creation of a Palestinian state along exactly the lines Brzezinski and =
Scowcroft favor. What did it get in exchange? An ever-deteriorating =
situation in Iraq and an intensification of al Qaida terrorism. In fact, =
Clinton seems to have shunned action against Iraq and al Qaida precisely =
because he feared that military action against America=92s Arab enemies =
would distract the U.S. from the supreme imperative of creating an =
Arafatistan.
If any U.S. policy can be pronounced a definitive failure, this =
Clinton =93Palestine first=94 policy can be so pronounced. Yet =
Brzezinski and Scowcroft demand that we give it one last try. Why? Here =
their answer is at last forthright =96 and yet weirdly limp.=20
=93Arab countries and much of the Muslim world, as well as most =
European countries, see a direct link between their ability to be more =
forthcoming in supporting U.S. goals in Iraq and our commitment to =
working for a fair [i.e., completely one-sided] settlement of the =
Israeli-Palestinian conflict.=94
So: Brzezinski and Scowcroft are advocating that the U.S. embark =
on another probably doomed attempt to midwife a Palestinian state in =
order to win European, Arab, and Muslim support for an Iraq policy that =
Brzezinski and Scowcroft oppose. That=92s illogical enough. But what =
elevates the illogic to almost postmodern levels is that the U.S. is in =
fact already winning the Arab and European support that Brzezinski and =
Scowcroft say it cannot win. Meanwhile, the countries that continue to =
oppose U.S. policy in Iraq =96 like France and Russia =96 do not even =
bother to cite the Palestinian issue as an excuse.=20
I=92m beginning to wonder whether for a certain type of =
foreign-policy expert, the =93Middle East peace process=94 isn=92t =
becoming a Pavlovian response: Ring the bell and they start demanding an =
Arafatistan. They themselves no longer remember why they do it. And they =
certainly cannot explain why anybody else should follow them.=20
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5. QUOTES AND QUICK NOTES
Arafat Gives In - Or Does He?
Yasser Arafat, father of modern-day terrorism, announced today =
that he is now willing to appoint a Prime Minister - alongside him, not =
instead of him. The surprise announcement came after representatives of =
the Quartet - the U.S., U.N, Russia, and European Union - exerted great =
pressures upon Arafat, particularly over the past few days. United =
States officials have been demanding "reforms" in the Palestinian =
Authority for close to a year.=20
Arafat emerged this morning from his Ramallah office, where he has =
been holed up since the end of 2001, to say that he would convene the PA =
legislative bodies to approve the appointment of a new Prime Minister. =
He did not say, however, when this would happen, nor did he specify when =
the Prime Minister would be appointed - leading many to assume that he =
was engaged in yet another stalling tactic.=20
Two names are being mentioned for the post of PA Prime Minister: =
the PA's new Finance Minister, Salim Fiad, who is the Quartet's =
preferred choice, and Arafat-deputy Abu Mazen. Some analysts said, =
however, that Arafat might appoint someone else - someone from within =
Fatah and with closer ties to the current PLO leader, in order to enable =
Arafat to continue to run things.=20
The Quartet demands that the new Prime Minister be authorized to =
wage negotiations with Israel on behalf of the PA, as well as be granted =
full control over the PA's military bodies.=20
Israel reacted cautiously. Shimon Peres said that the announcement =
was a "step in the right direction," and that what is needed is someone =
who can control the "armed bodies and with whom we can negotiate." =
Jerusalem Mayor Ehud Olmert said that he welcomes Arafat's promise, =
though he noted that Arafat was to have appointed someone instead of =
him, not alongside him. "We've had plenty of experience with Arafat =
before... We must have patience to carefully study the matter," Olmert =
said. Other officials said that it remains to be seen if the Prime =
Minister will be independent, or merely an Arafat-puppet.=20
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6. HIGHLIGHT ARTICLES
a.. The Beleaguered Christians Of The Palestinian-Controlled =
Areas=20
b.. Peace In The Middle East
A Pragmatic "Road Map" from Truth to Peace=20
c.. Does Israel Need a Plan? At the heart of the problem, in =
other words, stands Arab rejection. However cunningly conceived, plans =
that attempt to outflank, leap over, or otherwise finesse this stubborn =
fact are doomed to failure.=20
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<TD vAlign=3Dtop><B><FONT color=3D#800000>Newsletter #123=20
Friday, February 14, 2003</FONT></B> =
<P><STRONG>
<OL>
<LI><A href=3D"#1">DEMOCRACY & RELIGION IN AMERICA</A> =
<LI><A href=3D"#2">A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY</A>=20
<LI><A href=3D"#3">BRACING FOR THE APOCALYPSE</A>=20
<LI><A href=3D"#4">PLAY IT AGAIN, ZBIG</A>=20
<LI><A href=3D"#5">QUOTES AND QUICK NOTES</A>=20
<LI><A href=3D"#6">HIGHLIGHT ARTICLES</A> =
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href=3D"http://www.qksrv.net/click-1248809-5590901"=20
target=3D_blank>PLEASE use this link</A> or the Ebay icon at =
left and=20
look for the "Register Now" button and grant us a few =
minutes to=20
help our site and newsletter!</FONT></B>=20
</B></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<HR>
<H3>1. <A name=3D1>DEMOCRACY & RELIGION IN=20
AMERICA</A></H3>By Michael Novak - The New Republic - October 3, =
2002=20
<H4>
<H3>Tocqueville=92s surprising linkage.</H3></H4>
<P><FONT color=3D#800000 =
size=3D+2><STRONG>R</STRONG></FONT>ecently the=20
newspapers have burst with stories: Judges stripping the Ten =
Commandments=20
from court-room walls and forbidding students in schools from =
pledging=20
allegiance to our flag, and the republic for which it stands, "one =
nation,=20
indivisible, under God."=20
<P>But what happens when religion is pulled out from the =
foundations of=20
the republic? Alexis de Tocqueville reflected more deeply on the =
inherent=20
weaknesses of democracy, stripped of religion, than anybody at the =
ACLU=20
today.=20
<P>Tocqueville began with a shocker: That the <I>first</I> =
political=20
institution of American democracy is religion. His thesis went =
something=20
like this: The premises of secular materialism do not sustain =
democracy,=20
but undermine it, while the premises of Judaism and Christianity =
include=20
and by inductive experience lead to democracy, uplift it, carry it =
over=20
its inherent weaknesses, and sustain it.=20
<P>By its own inherent tendencies, democracy tends to lower tastes =
and=20
passions, to devolve into materialistic preoccupations, and to =
undercut=20
its own principles by a morally indifferent relativism. Further, =
democracy=20
left to itself tends to surrender liberty to the passion for =
security and=20
equality, and thus to end in a new soft despotism, tied down with =
a=20
thousand silken threads by a benign authority.=20
<P>Before the revolution of morals brought on by Judaism and =
Christianity,=20
pagan philosophy held that most men are by nature slaves, and that =
"the=20
strong do what they can, and the weak do what they must."=20
<P>It was Christianity (drawing on Judaism) that established three =
necessary premises for modern democracy: the inherent<I> =
dignity</I> of=20
each person, rooted in the freedom that makes each person an =
<I>Imago=20
Dei</I>; the principle of the universal <I>equality</I> of all =
humans in=20
the sight of God, whatever their natural inequalities; and the =
centrality=20
of human <I>liberty</I> to the purposes and principles for which =
God=20
created the cosmos.=20
<P>In short, Christianity made the liberty of every individual =
before God=20
the bright red thread of history, and its interpretive key. =
Underlying the=20
chances of democracy, then, is its faith in the immortality of the =
human=20
soul, which is the foundation of the concept of human rights and =
universal=20
dignity. Lose this faith, and humans become harder and harder to=20
distinguish from the other animals, and human rights become ever =
more=20
difficult to define, defend, and uphold.=20
<P>[On these three principles =97 dignity, equality, and liberty =
=97 John=20
Locke equivocates. He sometimes seems to be arguing that his =
principles=20
are antithetical to Christianity, and sometimes that they are =
consistent=20
with a high and faithful reading of Christianity. His followers =
tend to be=20
divided as to which side of this equivocation they support.]=20
<P>In addition to these three founding premises, Tocqueville =
counts at=20
least five other advantages that Judaism and Christianity bring to =
democracy.=20
<P>First, Judaism and Christianity correct and strengthen morals =
and=20
manners. While the laws of a free society allow a person to do =
almost=20
anything, there are many things which religion prevents him from =
imagining=20
or doing.=20
<P>Second, fixed ideas about God and human nature are =
indispensable in the=20
conduct of daily life, but daily life prevents most men from =
having time=20
to work out these fixed ideas, and Christianity and Judaism =
present the=20
findings of reason, tested in generations of experience, in forms =
that are=20
clear, precise, intelligible to the crowd, and very durable. Moral =
clarity=20
is a great gain in times of crisis.=20
<P>Third, whereas democracy induces a taste for physical pleasures =
and=20
tends to lower tastes, and thus weakens most people in their =
commitment to=20
the high and difficult principles on which democratic life =
depends,=20
religion of the Jewish and Christian type constantly point to that =
danger=20
and demand that humans draw back, and attend to the fundamental =
things.=20
Belief in immortality prods men to aspire upwards, and to aim for =
further=20
moral progress along the line of their own dignity and =
self-government.=20
<P>Fourth, faith adds to a morality of mere reason, whether of =
duty or=20
utilitarian advantage, an acute sense of acting in the presence of =
a=20
personal and undeceivable Judge, Who sees and knows even acts =
performed in=20
secret. Thus faith adds to reason motives for doing things =
perfectly even=20
when no one is looking; it gives reasons for painting the bottom =
of a=20
chair, and in general for doing things as perfectly as possible. =
In this=20
way, faith gives morals a personal dimension. A sin is not merely =
a=20
failure to do one's duty, but in addition to that an injury to a =
person,=20
who has extended the hand of friendship.=20
<P>Fifth, in a democracy such as the United States, Tocqueville =
observes,=20
religion does not direct the writing of laws or the formation of =
public=20
opinion in detail, it does direct mores and shape the life of the =
home. It=20
does this especially through women's influence upon family life =
and the=20
stable morals and good order of the home. Politically incorrect as =
his=20
views may appear in a feminist and relativist age, Tocqueville =
lays great=20
stress on the tumultuous passions that disrupt home life in =
Europe, and=20
thus render populations unfit for self-government in democracies =
and more=20
prone to authoritarian forms, in comparison with the high honor =
paid the=20
marriage bond and the greater severity of domestic mores =
observable in=20
America. This quiet regulation of home life is another =
contribution of=20
Jewish and Christian beliefs to the sustainability of American =
democracy.=20
<P>For these eight reasons, then =97 these three fundamental =
premises:=20
personal dignity, universal equality in the sight of God, and the=20
centrality of human liberty to the story of civilization; and the =
five=20
additional advantages just listed =97 it is clear that the first =
political=20
institution of democracy, its most important institution, is =
religion.=20
That is, religion of the Jewish and Christian type, as described. =
For not=20
all world religions establish the premises of personal dignity, =
universal=20
equality, and the centrality of individual liberty. Nor do all add =
to=20
reason the precise advantages classically delivered by Judaism and =
Christianity. Those that do, or come closest, also bring to =
democracy=20
certain contributions to its own stability and progress.=20
<P>In an especially beautiful passage Tocqueville summarizes his =
view as=20
follows:=20
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>I have already said enough to put Anglo-American civilization =
in its=20
true light. It is the product of two perfectly distinct elements =
which=20
elsewhere have often been at war with one another but which in =
America=20
it was somehow possible to incorporate into each other, forming =
a=20
marvelous combination. I mean the <I>spirit of religion and the =
spirit=20
of freedom</I>. . . . Far from harming each other, these two =
apparently=20
opposed tendencies work in harmony and seem to lend mutual =
support.=20
<P><B>Religion</B> regards civil liberty as a noble exercise of =
men's=20
faculties, the world of politics being a sphere intended by the =
Creator=20
for the free play of intelligence. Religion, being free and =
powerful=20
within its own sphere and content with the position reserved for =
it,=20
realized that its sway is all the better established because it =
relies=20
only on its own powers and rules men's hearts without external =
support.=20
<P><B>Freedom</B> sees religion as the companion of its =
struggles and=20
triumphs, the cradle of its infancy, and the divine source of =
its=20
rights. Religion is considered as the guardian of mores, and =
mores are=20
regarded as the guarantee of the laws and pledge for the =
maintenance of=20
freedom itself. </P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D-2><STRONG>Michael Novak delivered these =
remarks=20
at the 25th Summer University of Aix-en-Provence in France, to a =
seminar=20
early in September. Novak has twice been the recipient of the =
Cezanne=20
Medal presented by the City of=20
Aix-en-Provence.</STRONG></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<HR>
<H3>2. <A name=3D2>A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY</A></H3>By Jan =
Willem=20
van der Hoeven - February 13, 2003<BR>Jerusalem Newswire - =
Editorial=20
www.jnewswire.com=20
<P><FONT color=3D#800000 size=3D+2><STRONG>H</STRONG></FONT>ere, =
the Belgian=20
Supreme Court has ruled that a sitting prime minister of Israel - =
of the=20
only truly democratic country in the Middle East - should, as soon =
as he=20
ends his term in office, stand trial for war crimes committed by =
Lebanese=20
Christian Phalangists in the heat of their Battle of Revenge =
against the=20
usurpers of their country.
<P>Yet the real chieftain of terrorism, the butcher of Beirut, the =
murderer of many of his own people, the rapist of nations - =
Jordan,=20
Lebanon, Kuwait - and even the destroyer of the hopes of his own=20
Palestinian people, is not to be tried by Israeli, Lebanese, or =
any other=20
Supreme Court. Instead, he has been feted all over the world as =
the=20
darling of most of the media, and has been the welcome guest of =
many=20
governments, among them Belgian's!=20
<P>In addition, this man from whom most international terrorists =
have=20
learned their trade has received the Nobel Prize for Peace in =
Norway. He=20
is not tried, in Lebanon or in Israel, by a Supreme Court of =
justice for=20
all of his murderous acts, but is again to be allowed his freedom, =
as he=20
was from Lebanon, when foolish Israelis will expel him from =
Ramallah.=20
Foolish Israelis who, now that it has been unjustifiably ruled =
that Sharon=20
can be brought to trial for something he never did, are losing the =
golden=20
opportunity to show the world through a public Eichmann-like trial =
in=20
Israel who the real villain is in this part of the world: Yasser =
Arafat.=20
<P>Such a public trial of Arafat in Israel in the presence of =
countless=20
Lebanese civilians and all the Israeli victims who have suffered =
at his=20
hands would lead the world, including the Belgians, to bury their =
faces in=20
shame!=20
<P>But will Israel ever hear the cry of these innocents?=20
<HR>
<CENTER><B><A=20
href=3D"http://christianactionforisrael.org/donations.html"><IMG =
height=3D29=20
alt=3D"Free Gift"=20
=
src=3D"cid:012001c2d47e$ba3071a0$4ef29d18@hnsn.phub.net.cable.rogers.com"=
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width=3D35 border=3D0> Get A Free Gift With Your=20
Donation!</A></B></CENTER>
<HR>
<H3>3. <A name=3D3>BRACING FOR THE =
APOCALYPSE</A></H3>by Charles=20
Krauthammer - Jewish World Review - February 13, 2003=20
<P><STRONG><FONT color=3D#800000 size=3D+2>T</FONT></STRONG>he =
domestic terror=20
alert jumps to 9/11 levels. Heathrow Airport is ringed by tanks. =
Duct tape=20
and plastic sheeting disappear from Washington store shelves. =
Osama=20
resurfaces. North Korea reopens its plutonium processing plant and =
threatens pre-emptive attack. The Second Gulf War is about to =
begin. This=20
is not the Apocalypse. But it is excellent preparation for it.=20
<P>You don't get to a place like this overnight. It takes at =
least, oh, a=20
decade. We are now paying the wages of the 1990s, our holiday from =
history. During that decade, every major challenge to America was=20
deferred. The chief aim of the Clinton administration was to make =
sure=20
that nothing terrible happened on its watch. Accordingly, every =
can was=20
kicked down the road:=20
<BLOCKQUOTE>* Iraq: Saddam continued defying the world and =
building his=20
arsenal, even as the United States acquiesced to the progressive =
weakening of U.N. sanctions and then to the expulsion of all =
weapons=20
inspectors.
<P>* North Korea: When it threatened to go nuclear in 1993, =
Clinton=20
managed to put off the reckoning with an agreement to freeze =
Pyongyang's=20
program. The agreement--surprise!--was a fraud. All the time, =
the North=20
Koreans were clandestinely enriching uranium. They are now in =
full=20
nuclear breakout.
<P>* Terrorism: The first World Trade Center attack occurred in =
1993,=20
followed by the blowing up of two embassies in Africa and the =
attack on=20
the USS Cole. Treating terrorism as a problem of law =
enforcement,=20
Clinton dispatched the FBI--and the odd cruise missile to =
ostentatiously=20
kick up some desert sand. Osama was offered up by Sudan in 1996. =
We=20
turned him away for lack of legal justification. =
</P></BLOCKQUOTE>That is=20
how one acts on holiday: Mortal enemies are dealt with not as =
combatants,=20
but as defendants. Clinton flattered himself as looking beyond =
such=20
mundane problems to a grander transnational vision (global =
warming,=20
migration and the like), while dispatching American military might =
to=20
quell ``teacup wars'' in places like Bosnia. On June 19, 2000, the =
Clinton=20
administration solved the rogue-state problem by abolishing the =
term and=20
replacing it with ``states of concern.'' Unconcerned, the rogues=20
prospered, arming and girding themselves for big wars.=20
<P>Which are now upon us. On Sept. 11, the cozy illusions and =
stupid=20
pretensions died. We now recognize the central problem of the 21st =
century: the conjunction of terrorism, rogue states and weapons of =
mass=20
destruction.=20
<P>True, weapons of mass destruction are not new. What is new is =
that the=20
knowledge required to make them is no longer esoteric. Anyone with =
a=20
reasonable education in modern physics, chemistry or biology can =
brew=20
them. Doomsday has been democratized.=20
<P>There is no avoiding the danger any longer. Last year, =
President Bush's=20
axis-of-evil speech was met with eye-rolling disdain by the =
sophisticates.=20
One year later, the warning has been vindicated in all its parts. =
Even the=20
United Nations says Iraq must be disarmed. The International =
Atomic Energy=20
Agency has just (politely) declared North Korea a nuclear outlaw. =
Iran has=20
announced plans to mine uranium and reprocess spent nuclear fuel; =
we have=20
recently discovered two secret Iranian nuclear complexes.=20
<P>We are in a race against time. Once such hostile states =
establish=20
arsenals, we become self-deterred and they become invulnerable. =
North=20
Korea may already have crossed that threshold.=20
<P>There is a real question whether we can win the race. Year One =
of the=20
new era, 2002, passed rather peaceably. Year Two will not: 2003 =
could be=20
as cataclysmic as 1914 or 1939.
<P>Carl Sagan invented a famous formula for calculating the =
probability of=20
intelligent life in the universe. Estimate the number of planets =
in the=20
universe and calculate the tiny fraction that might support life =
and that=20
have had enough evolution to produce intelligence. He prudently =
added one=20
other factor, however: the odds of extinction. The existence of=20
intelligent life depends not just on creation, but on continuity. =
What is=20
the probability that a civilization will not destroy itself once =
its very=20
intelligence grants it the means of self-destruction?=20
<P>This planet has been around for 4 billion years, intelligent =
life for=20
perhaps 200,000, weapons of mass destruction for less than 100. A=20
hundred--in the eye of the universe, less than a blink. And yet we =
already=20
find ourselves on the brink. What are the odds that our species =
will=20
manage to contain this awful knowledge without =
self-destruction--not for a=20
billion years or a million or even a thousand, but just through =
the=20
lifetime of our children?=20
<P>Those are the stakes today. Before our eyes, in a flash, =
politics has=20
gone cosmic. The question before us is very large and very simple: =
Can--and will--the civilized part of humanity disarm the =
barbarians who=20
would use the ultimate knowledge for the ultimate destruction? =
Within=20
months, we will have a good idea whether the answer is yes or no.=20
<HR>
<CENTER><B><A=20
href=3D"http://christianactionforisrael.org/donations.html"><IMG =
height=3D29=20
alt=3D"Free Gift"=20
=
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Donation!</A></B></CENTER>
<HR>
<H3>4. <A name=3D4>PLAY IT AGAIN, ZBIG</A></H3>By =
David Frum -=20
The New Republic - February 13, 2003=20
<P><FONT color=3D#800000 size=3D+2>I</FONT>n Washington, few =
things are quite=20
so powerful as an idea whose time has passed.</P>
<P>On this morning=92s <I>Wall Street Journal</I> editorial page, =
former=20
National Security Advisers Brent Scowcroft and Zbigniew Brzezinski =
jointly=20
publish a call to =96 guess what? =96 renew the so-called =
Palestinian-Israel=20
peace process by =93articulating=94 a vision of a final settlement =
between the=20
Jewish state and its would-be destroyers.</P>
<P>They propose:</P>
<P>1. The Palestinians would get a state on all the land occupied =
by=20
Israel in the June 1967 war.<BR>2. The Palestinians would get =
shared=20
sovereignty over Jerusalem. Brzezinski and Scowcroft express hope =
that the=20
city would remain physically undivided =93insofar as =
possible.=94<BR>3.=20
Palestinian refugees would receive international assistance, which =
the=20
authors call a matter of =93justice.=94 (Jewish refugees from Arab =
lands, long=20
since resettled in Israel at Israeli expense, would of course =
receive=20
nothing.)<BR>4. Palestinians would get some international =
guarantees for=20
their security and their claim over non-Jewish holy sites.<BR>5.=20
Palestinians would get an immediate cessation of all Israeli =
settlement=20
activity in the 1967 lands.</P>
<P>And what would Israel get in return? Only this: <B><I>a =
promise</I></B>=20
by the Palestinians to make a=93100% effort=94 to halt terrorism. =
Note however=20
that the Israeli concessions must proceed <I>regardless of whether =
the=20
Palestinians honor their promise to halt terror</I>. No, I=92m not =
making=20
this up. Listen: =93[T] he U.S. and its partners ... must insist =
on an=20
unconditional cessation of Israeli settlement expansion (including =
so-called natural growth) that is independent of actions required =
of=20
Palestinians.=94</P>
<P>And Brzezinski and Scowcroft make it very plain that they =
themselves do=20
not seriously expect the promise to be honored. =93As the =
president=20
declared, the Palestinian people deserve leadership and =
institutions not=20
tainted by terrorism and corruption. It is a goal the U.S. should =
continue=20
to encourage vigorously, <I>yet without conditioning the peace =
process on=20
the replacement of a particular individual</I>.=94 (Italics =
added.) In other=20
words, Arafat can stay =96 with all that implies for future =
Palestinian=20
deceit and violence.</P>
<P>There are three obvious questions about the =
Brzezinski-Scowcroft plan=20
for unilateral Israeli concessions. </P>
<P>Question 1: Why should the Israelis accept such a proposal? =
</P>
<P>This is a deal that offers them <I>nothing</I> - it doesn=92t =
even=20
pretend to offer them anything. The former National Security =
Advisers do=20
not explicitly answer this question, but their repeated use of the =
word=20
=93insist=94 hints at their unspoken meaning: Israel would accept =
because it=20
would be compelled to accept. </P>
<P>Question 2: Why would the Palestinians accept such a =
proposal?</P>
<P>This is a trickier question than it seems. Israel=92s Arab =
neighbors have=20
been offered something for nothing deals repeatedly over the past =
half=20
century. (In 1954, for example, the U.S. and Britain offered Egypt =
much of=20
the southern half of pre-1967 Israel in exchange for a peace =
agreement.)=20
These offers have been repeatedly refused, because from the Arab =
and=20
Palestinian point of view, =93something for nothing=94 is not good =
enough =96=20
they want <I>everything</I> for nothing. The Scowcroft-Brzezinski =
proposal=20
essentially recapitulates the pair of deals the Palestinians were =
offered=20
by Bill Clinton in 2000. Some Palestinians now <A=20
=
href=3D"http://www.memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=3DSD46803">repent</A> =
of=20
that rejection. But there=92s no apparent reason to believe that =
the=20
internal political forces that led to the rejection have altered =
over the=20
past three years =96 and, tellingly, Brzezinski and Scowcroft do =
not=20
indicate any non-apparent reason either. In fact, they do not even =
address=20
the question. </P>
<P>And what=92s even more baffling is that the one external event =
that might=20
conceivably soften Palestinian rejectionism =96 the destruction of =
the=20
Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq =96 is something that Scowcroft and =
Brzezinski=20
both <I>oppose</I>. The two of them remind me of the economist in =
that=20
joke about the three academics marooned on a desert island with =
boxes of=20
canned food: Their answer to the most difficult problem they face =
seems to=20
be =96 =93assume we have a can opener.=94</P>
<P>Question 3: Why should the U.S. bother?</P>
<P>Over the years from 1993 to 2001, the Clinton administration =
invested=20
enormous effort and prestige in the attempt to broker the creation =
of a=20
Palestinian state along exactly the lines Brzezinski and Scowcroft =
favor.=20
What did it get in exchange? An ever-deteriorating situation in =
Iraq and=20
an intensification of al Qaida terrorism. In fact, Clinton seems =
to have=20
shunned action against Iraq and al Qaida precisely because he =
feared that=20
military action against America=92s Arab enemies would distract =
the U.S.=20
from the supreme imperative of creating an Arafatistan.</P>
<P>If any U.S. policy can be pronounced a definitive failure, this =
Clinton=20
=93Palestine first=94 policy can be so pronounced. Yet Brzezinski =
and=20
Scowcroft demand that we give it one last try. Why? Here their =
answer is=20
at last forthright =96 and yet weirdly limp. </P>
<P>=93Arab countries and much of the Muslim world, as well as most =
European=20
countries, see a direct link between their ability to be more =
forthcoming=20
in supporting U.S. goals in Iraq and our commitment to working for =
a fair=20
[i.e., completely one-sided] settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian =
conflict.=94</P>
<P>So: Brzezinski and Scowcroft are advocating that the U.S. =
embark on=20
another probably doomed attempt to midwife a Palestinian state in =
order to=20
win European, Arab, and Muslim support for an Iraq policy that =
Brzezinski=20
and Scowcroft oppose. That=92s illogical enough. But what elevates =
the=20
illogic to almost postmodern levels is that the U.S. is in fact =
already=20
<I>winning</I> the Arab and European support that Brzezinski and =
Scowcroft=20
say it cannot win. Meanwhile, the countries that continue to =
oppose U.S.=20
policy in Iraq =96 like France and Russia =96 do not even bother =
to cite the=20
Palestinian issue as an excuse. </P>
<P>I=92m beginning to wonder whether for a certain type of =
foreign-policy=20
expert, the =93Middle East peace process=94 isn=92t becoming a =
Pavlovian=20
response: Ring the bell and they start demanding an Arafatistan. =
They=20
themselves no longer remember why they do it. And they certainly =
cannot=20
explain why anybody else should follow them.=20
<HR>
<H3>5. <A name=3D5>QUOTES AND QUICK NOTES</A></H3>
<H3>Arafat Gives In - Or Does He?</H3>Yasser Arafat, father of =
modern-day=20
terrorism, announced today that he is now willing to appoint a =
Prime=20
Minister - alongside him, not instead of him. The surprise =
announcement=20
came after representatives of the Quartet - the U.S., U.N, Russia, =
and=20
European Union - exerted great pressures upon Arafat, particularly =
over=20
the past few days. United States officials have been demanding =
"reforms"=20
in the Palestinian Authority for close to a year.=20
<P>Arafat emerged this morning from his Ramallah office, where he =
has been=20
holed up since the end of 2001, to say that he would convene the =
PA=20
legislative bodies to approve the appointment of a new Prime =
Minister. He=20
did not say, however, when this would happen, nor did he specify =
when the=20
Prime Minister would be appointed - leading many to assume that he =
was=20
engaged in yet another stalling tactic.=20
<P>Two names are being mentioned for the post of PA Prime =
Minister: the=20
PA's new Finance Minister, Salim Fiad, who is the Quartet's =
preferred=20
choice, and Arafat-deputy Abu Mazen. Some analysts said, however, =
that=20
Arafat might appoint someone else - someone from within Fatah and =
with=20
closer ties to the current PLO leader, in order to enable Arafat =
to=20
continue to run things.=20
<P>The Quartet demands that the new Prime Minister be authorized =
to wage=20
negotiations with Israel on behalf of the PA, as well as be =
granted full=20
control over the PA's military bodies.=20
<P>Israel reacted cautiously. Shimon Peres said that the =
announcement was=20
a "step in the right direction," and that what is needed is =
someone who=20
can control the "armed bodies and with whom we can negotiate." =
Jerusalem=20
Mayor Ehud Olmert said that he welcomes Arafat's promise, though =
he noted=20
that Arafat was to have appointed someone instead of him, not =
alongside=20
him. "We've had plenty of experience with Arafat before... We must =
have=20
patience to carefully study the matter," Olmert said. Other =
officials said=20
that it remains to be seen if the Prime Minister will be =
independent, or=20
merely an Arafat-puppet.=20
<HR>
<H3>6. <A name=3D6>HIGHLIGHT ARTICLES</A></H3>
<UL><B><FONT size=3D-1>
<LI><A=20
=
href=3D"http://christianactionforisrael.org/prsecutn/beleaguered.html">Th=
e=20
Beleaguered Christians Of The Palestinian-Controlled Areas</A>=20
<LI><A=20
=
href=3D"http://christianactionforisrael.org/isreport/feb03/peace.html">Pe=
ace=20
In The Middle East</A><BR> <FONT color=3D#4b4549 =
size=3D-2>A Pragmatic=20
"Road Map" from Truth to Peace</FONT>=20
<LI><A=20
=
href=3D"http://christianactionforisrael.org/isreport/feb03/plan.html">Doe=
s=20
Israel Need a Plan?</A> <FONT color=3D#4b4549 size=3D-2>At =
the heart=20
of the problem, in other words, stands Arab rejection. However =
cunningly=20
conceived, plans that attempt to outflank, leap over, or =
otherwise=20
finesse this stubborn fact are doomed to failure.=20
</FONT></FONT></B></LI></UL>
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