I always knew they were different

[Forrest Gunter]

What about John Clay's immortal "Ballad of Roger Baker"????????
                                                        A. Lomax

>From: "Michael Eisenstadt" <michaele at hotpop.com>
>Reply-To: survivors' reminiscences about Austin Ghetto Daze in the 60s 
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>To: "survivors' reminiscences about Austin Ghetto Daze in the 60s" 
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>Subject: Re: I always knew they were different
>Date: Thu, 17 Mar 2005 16:33:17 -0600
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>
>Gerry,
>
>Well as for little Jimmy and little Janie figuring it out,
>that's easy enough to say.
>
>Men don't understand women as well as they understand
>men and women don't understand women as well as they
>understand men. So neither sex sufficiently understands
>women. Freud famously said "Was willst das Weib?"
>'What do women want?'
>
>Mike
>
>----- Original Message ----- From: "Gerry" <mesmo at gilanet.com>
>To: "survivors' reminiscences about Austin Ghetto Daze in the 60s" 
><austin-ghetto-list at pairlist.net>
>Sent: Thursday, March 17, 2005 11:46 AM
>Subject: Re: I always knew they were different
>
>
>>Yeah, we needed years of "scientific research" to tell us this...as if any
>>boy with a mother or girl with a brother couldn't figure it out.
>>G
>>
>>
>>----- Original Message -----
>>From: "Harry Edwards" <laughingwolf at ev1.net>
>>To: "ghetto survivors" <austin-ghetto-list at pairlist.net>
>>Sent: Thursday, March 17, 2005 10:21 AM
>>Subject: Fwd: I always knew they were different
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>Begin forwarded message:
>>
>>>From: Harry Edwards <laughingwolf at EV1.NET>
>>>Date: March 17, 2005 10:58:02 AM CST
>>>To: GHETTO2 at LISTS.WHATHELPS.COM
>>>Subject: I always knew they were different
>>>Reply-To: Remembrances of Austin Ghetto <GHETTO2 at LISTS.WHATHELPS.COM>
>>>
>>>
>>>http://www.latimes.com/news/science/la-sci-
>>>xchromosome17mar17,1,6092863.story?coll=la-news-science
>>>
>>>
>>>THE NATION
>>>
>>>Women Are Very Much Not Alike, Gene Study Finds
>>>
>>>X chromosome diversity among females suggests that in effect 'there is
>>>not one human genome, but two -- male and female,' researcher says.
>>>  By Robert Lee Hotz
>>>  Times Staff Writer
>>>
>>>  March 17, 2005
>>>
>>>  Scientists have found genetic evidence for what some men have long
>>>suspected: It is dangerous to make assumptions about women.
>>>
>>>  The key is the X chromosome, the feminine sex chromosome that all men
>>>and women have in common.
>>>
>>>  In a study published today in the journal Nature, scientists said
>>>they had found an unexpectedly large genetic variation on the X
>>>chromosome among women. The findings were published in conjunction
>>>with the first comprehensive decoding of the chromosome, which
>>>appeared in the same journal.
>>>
>>>  Females can differ from each other almost as much as they do from
>>>males in the behavior of many genes at the heart of sexual identity,
>>>researchers said.
>>>
>>>  "Literally every one of the females we looked at had a different
>>>genetic story," said Duke University genetics expert Huntington
>>>Willard, who co-wrote the study. "It is not just a little bit of
>>>variation."
>>>
>>>  The analysis also found that the obsessively debated differences
>>>between men and women were, at least on the genetic level, even
>>>greater than previously thought.
>>>
>>>  As many as 300 of the genes on the X chromosome may be activated
>>>differently among women than among men, said molecular biologist Laura
>>>Carrel at Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, the other
>>>author of the paper.
>>>
>>>  The newly discovered genetic variation among women might help account
>>>for differing gender reactions to prescription drugs and the
>>>heightened vulnerability of women to some diseases, experts said.
>>>
>>>  "The important question becomes how men and women actually vary and
>>>how much variability there is in females," Carrel said. "We now might
>>>have new candidate genes that could explain differences between men
>>>and women."
>>>
>>>  All told, men and women may differ by as much as 2% of their entire
>>>genetic inheritance, greater than the hereditary gap between humankind
>>>and its closest relative — the chimpanzee.
>>>
>>>  "In essence," Willard said, "there is not one human genome, but two —
>>>male and female."
>>>
>>>  Scientists estimate that there may be as many as 30,000 genes in the
>>>chemical DNA blueprint for human growth and development known as the
>>>human genome.
>>>
>>>  The genes are parceled out in 23 pairs of rod-like structures called
>>>chromosomes contained in every cell of the body.
>>>
>>>  The most distinctive of the chromosomes are the mismatched pair of X
>>>and Y chromosomes that guide sexual development.
>>>
>>>  Until now, researchers considered the shuffle of sex chromosomes at
>>>conception a simple matter of genetic roulette.
>>>
>>>  The chromosomes that dictate sexual development are mixed and matched
>>>in predictable combinations: A female inherits one X chromosome from
>>>each parent; a male inherits an X chromosome from his mother and a Y
>>>chromosome from his father.
>>>
>>>  To avoid any toxic effect from double sets of X genes, female cells
>>>randomly choose one copy of the X chromosome and silence it — or so
>>>scientists had believed.
>>>
>>>  The new analysis found that the second X chromosome was not a silent
>>>partner. As many as 25% of its genes are active, serving as blueprints
>>>to make necessary proteins.
>>>
>>>  To investigate this variation, Carrel and Willard isolated cells from
>>>40 women and measured the activity of hundreds of genes to see whether
>>>those on the second X chromosome were active or silent.
>>>
>>>  Although those extra genes were supposed to be turned off, they found
>>>that about 15% of them in all female cells were still active, or in
>>>the terminology of genetics, "expressed." In some women, up to an
>>>additional 10% of those X-linked genes showed varying patterns of
>>>activity.
>>>
>>>  "This is 200 to 300 genes that are expressed up to twice as much as
>>>in a male or some other females," Willard said. "This is a huge
>>>number."
>>>
>>>  Researchers were surprised that they found so many unexpected
>>>differences in the behavior of the one sex chromosome that men and
>>>women share.
>>>
>>>  Though there is dramatic variation in the activation of genes on the
>>>X chromosomes that women inherit, there is none among those in men,
>>>the researchers reported.
>>>
>>>  Researchers have yet to understand the effect of so many different
>>>patterns of gene activation among women or determine what controls
>>>them, but all the evidence suggests that they are not random.
>>>
>>>  "What had looked like a simple yes or no has turned into a thousand
>>>shades of gray," said molecular biologist David Page, an expert on sex
>>>evolution at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in
>>>Cambridge, Mass.
>>>
>>>  Illuminating this complex palette was the work of an international
>>>team of 250 scientists led by geneticist Mark Ross at the Wellcome
>>>Trust Sanger Institute in Hinxton, England. The team produced the
>>>first complete sequence of the X chromosome about two years after the
>>>decoding of the male Y chromosome.
>>>
>>>  The researchers found that the X chromosome, though relatively poor
>>>in genes, is rich in influence, deceptively subtle, and occasionally
>>>deadly to males.
>>>
>>>  The international team identified 1,098 functional genes along the X
>>>chromosome, more than 14 times as many as scientists had located on
>>>the tiny Y chromosome.
>>>
>>>  Even so, the researchers said, there were fewer genes to be found on
>>>the X chromosome than on any of the other 22 chromosomes sequenced so
>>>far.
>>>
>>>  Most of the X genes are slightly smaller than average. But one is the
>>>largest known gene in the human genome, a segment of DNA linked to
>>>diseases such as muscular dystrophy that is more than 2.2 million
>>>characters long.
>>>
>>>  The X chromosome contains a larger share of genes linked to disease
>>>than any other chromosome.
>>>
>>>  It is implicated in 300 hereditary disorders, including color
>>>blindness, hemophilia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nearly 10% of
>>>the genes may belong to a group known to be more active in testicular
>>>cancers, melanomas and other cancers, the team reported.
>>>
>>>  "The biggest surprise for us was just how many of these
>>>[cancer-related] genes there are on the X," Ross said. "There are very
>>>few of these elsewhere on the genome."
>>>
>>>  The complete gene sequence provided some clues to the origins of the
>>>human sex chromosomes.
>>>
>>>  The researchers found that most of the genes on the X chromosome
>>>reside on chromosome 1 and chromosome 4 of chickens.
>>>
>>>  That supports the theory that the human sex chromosomes evolved from
>>>a regular pair of chromosomes about 300 million years ago when
>>>chickens and humans shared a common ancestor.
>>>
>>>
>>>  If you want other stories on this topic, search the Archives at
>>>latimes.com/archives.
>>
>>
>>
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>>> > Copyright 2005 Los Angeles Times
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>